Chirality & Odour Perception
John C. Leffingwell, Ph.D.

The Galaxolides

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Photo by permission of M. Roudintska - Art & Parfum

(4S,7R)-(-)-galaxolide - powerful musk odor, possessing a very pleasant clean musk note.

Odor threshold = 0.63 ng/l (in air) = ~ 0.00063 ppb

Ref: G. Frater, U. Mueller & P. Kraft, Helv. Chim. Acta, 82(10), 1656-1665 (1999)

Galaxolide® is a registered trademark of International Flavors & Fragrances

(4R,7S)-(+)-galaxolide - weak musk to almost odorless

Odor threshold = 130 ng/l (in air) = ~ 0.13 ppb

Ref: G. Frater, U. Mueller & P. Kraft, Helv. Chim. Acta, 82(10), 1656-1665 (1999)

Galaxolide® is a registered trademark of International Flavors & Fragrances

(4R,7R)-(+)-galaxolide - very weak, showing an odour which was mainly fruity. Some perfumers judged (4R,7R) odourless.

Odor threshold = 440 ng/l (in air) = ~ 0.44 ppb

Ref: G. Frater, U. Mueller & P. Kraft, Helv. Chim. Acta, 82(10), 1656-1665 (1999)

Galaxolide® is a registered trademark of International Flavors & Fragrances

(4S,7S)-(-)-galaxolide - powerful musk odor; similar musk odor to the (4S,7R)-isomer that, however,differs by its dry character.

Odor threshold = ~ 1.0 ng/l (in air) = ~ 0.001 ppb

Ref: G. Frater, U. Mueller & P. Kraft, Helv. Chim. Acta, 82(10), 1656-1665 (1999)

Galaxolide® is a registered trademark of International Flavors & Fragrances

Cyclic Terpenoid Odorants

Bicyclic Terpenoid Odorants

Acyclic Terpenoid Odorants

Ionones, Irones, Damascones & Structurally Related Odorants

Acyclics (Alcohols, Esters, Acids, Aldehydes)

Lactones

Sesquiterpenoid Related Odorants

Steroid Urine Type Odorants

Sandalwood Type Odorants

Musk Odorants

Miscellaneous

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