(3S,4S)-(-)-4-butyl-3-methylbutan-4-olide - faint coconut note, faint musty, earthy, remeniscant of hay Odor Threshold = 20-24 ppb in white wine (R.C. Brown) Odor Threshold = 54-57 ppb in red wine (R.C. Brown) = (4S,5S)-5-butyl-4-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one Also known as (4S,5S)-(-)-whiskey lactone Also known as (4S,5S)-(-)-oak lactone Ref: A. Mosandl, W. Deger, M. Gessner, C. Gunther, G. Heusinger and G. Singer, Lebensmittelchem Gerichte Chem. 41, 35 (1987); B. Koppenhoefer, et. al., Perfumer & Flavorist, Vol. 19, No. 5, 1-14, 1994; Rachel Christine Brown, gamma-Lactones in wine: Synthesis, quantification and sensory studies, Ph.D. Thesis, Flinders University of South Australia, November 2007

(3R,4R)-(+)-4-butyl-3-methylbutan-4-olide - sweet woody, bright fresh coconut note Odor Threshold = 132 ppb in white wine (R.C. Brown) Odor Threshold = 170-175 ppb in red wine (R.C. Brown) = (4R,5R)-5-butyl-4-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one Also known as (4R,5R)- -(+)-whiskey lactone Also known as (4R,5R)- -(+)-oak lactone Ref: A. Mosandl, W. Deger, M. Gessner, C. Gunther, G. Heusinger and G. Singer, Lebensmittelchem Gerichte Chem. 41, 35 (1987); B. Koppenhoefer, et. al., Perfumer & Flavorist, Vol. 19, No. 5, 1-14, 1994; Rachel Christine Brown, gamma-Lactones in wine: Synthesis, quantification and sensory studies, Ph.D. Thesis, Flinders University of South Australia, November 2007

(3R,4S)-(-)-4-butyl-3-methylbutan-4-olide -strong coconut note, reminiscent of celery Odor Threshold = 305-330 ppb in white wine (R.C. Brown) Odor Threshold = 285-305 ppb in red wine (R.C. Brown) = (4R,5S)-5-butyl-4-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one Also known as (4R,5S)-(-)-whiskey lactone Also known as (4R,5S)-(-)-oak lactone Ref: A. Mosandl, W. Deger, M. Gessner, C. Gunther, G. Heusinger and G. Singer, Lebensmittelchem Gerichte Chem. 41, 35 (1987); B. Koppenhoefer, et. al., Perfumer & Flavorist, Vol. 19, No. 5, 1-14, 1994; Rachel Christine Brown, gamma-Lactones in wine: Synthesis, quantification and sensory studies, Ph.D. Thesis, Flinders University of South Australia, November 2007

Ionones, Irones, Damascones & Structurally Related Odorants

Acyclics (Alcohols, Esters, Acids, Aldehydes)

Lactones

Sesquiterpenoid Related Odorants